Improvement in processes of rendering paper water-repellent



of my application for a patent filed July 28,

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIoE.

XAVIER KAROHESKI, or BELLEVILLE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 soLoMon n. MollIILLAN, TRUSTEE.

IMPROVEMENT lN PROCESSES 0F RENDERING PAPER WATER-REPELLENT.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 149,319, dated April 7, 1874 application filed To all whom tt may concern:

Be it known that I, XAVIER KiincnEsKr, of Belleville, New Jersey, have invented certain Improvements in Rendering Paper and other materials WVater- Repellent, of which the following is a specification My invention, in its application to the manufacture of paper, consists in submitting paper in the Web, before it is dried, first to a bath of vegetable size strongly impregnated with a fatty acid, and then to a bath of animal size containing an excess of alum, and in removing the superfluous size by scraping, and in drying the product upon the heated cylinders of the paper-machine, so that the complete operation of manufacturing paper which is both sized and rendered water-repellent is conducted with only one drying process.

The mode of sizing referred to is the subject 1873, for improved process of hard-sizing paper and other materials, to which I refer for further details.

In my process of manufacturing waterproof, or, more accurately, water-repellent material, for wrapping and Wall-coverin g or roofing purposes, I first administer to the fabric operated upon a bath of vegetable size, composed essentially of bleached rosin dissolved by heat in the least possible quantity of alkalies and water, and a quantity of colorless earth and soap, the latter in the proportion of one pound of soap to the gallon of size. I remove the excess of size by scraping, and then subject the material operated upon to a bath of animal size composed of a weak solu tion of glue, to which is added a colorless earth, a trace of chloride of sodium, and an excess of alum, or, preferably, sulphate of alumina, and again remove the superfluous size by scraping. The paper or other material, in passing through the first size, absorbs the rosin and soap, while the colorless earth fills its pores. In passing through the second size the excess of alum or sulphate of alumina kills the alkalies present, and, by double decomposition, precipitates itself, the rosin, and fatty acid of the decomposed soap upon the fiber, forming a mass which, filling the pores and completely covering the surface, renders the fabric impervious to water, or water-repellent. In this process, as in the case of my process of hard-sizing, the fabric may be immediately dried on hot cylinders, the presence of the fatty acids prer'enting the loss of size by evaporation, and the presence of the chloride of sodium preventing adhesion. process the fabric is both sized and waterproofed simultaneously, and with but one dryin g operation, and the process, while especially valuable in. connection with the manufacture of paper, may be usefully applied to leather, felt, or cloth.

I claim as my invention The described process of treating paper or other material with vegetable and animal sizes successively, the vegetable size being combined with an excess of fatty acids, and the animal size with an excessof alum or sulphate of alumina, for the purpose of rendering the fabric operated upon water-repellent, substantially as set forth.

XAVIER KARCHESKI.

Witnesses Asa FARR, EDW. E. QUIMBY,

By this 

